Leadership Behavior in the workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

lead Behavior in the work focalize - Essay ExampleIt also gives a narrative criticism on the article journal by examining female entrepreneurs management style as an application of a relational frame.The articulation of abstract in this article is decent. This is because the first line of the article contains the purpose of the explore in an exhaustive manner. For example, this paper reports the result of a qualitative analysis of female entrepreneurs and their roles in their organizations using comparative Theory. The report of content analysis of group shows that women used a relational approach in on the job(p) with employees and clients lacks the paradox statement, which should appear in the second line of an abstract. The article does non explain the approach that the research employed in the third sentence of the abstract. Instead, it articulates some of the relational skills required in a place of work such as preserving, mutual empowering, achieving and creative team. T he abstract indicates the findings of the research clearly in the after part line. The findings show that Relational Theory is a useful frame in identifying and explicating women entrepreneur in their protest business. Finally, a concluding statement about the research is lacking in the abstract.The title of the article is appropriate. This is because it provides a thought of what is contained in the articles. It makes use of a particular theory, Relational Theory to answer subjectively the problem statement, leadership Behaviour in a work place (Xiaojun, 2014). Some of the in-text quotation of the article is not in mention to American Psychology Association (APA) format. For example in page 1, the introduction of an in-text, citation at the beginning of a sentence should not make use of quotation marks as contained in this article. In addition, the use of page numbers in the in-text citation on the same reference applies to Modern Language Association (MLA) format. Therefore, t his is a shortcoming since the referencing style used in the

Prices and Problem Solving Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Prices and Problem Solving - Case Study ExampleWilliams, proceeded with it and it was then that Goudberg got in. It was then that they make s eeral trips to the U.S. and that they met with Mr. Herniman which in the course would provide architectural services.It was in September of 2000 that Mr. Herniman got in to the scene. Accordingly, his firm was lively to under suck up a certain amount of preliminary work to assist Williams and Goudberg to get the puke happening.In 2002, it was already considered by Williams that the concept was already starting to take its practical shape, but it was in the resembling year that the project (Industry Food Services Pty Ltd) was incorporated. There was no agreement reached with applebee and no capital was ever obtained. In consideration to the series of events, the work done or performed by both Williams and Goudberg can non in any way considered exploratory or preparatory, but it actually carried out as carrying on a traffic. In the event tha t the two were conducting market research, traveling to the U.S. and negotiating with applebee, it can not be cogitate as conducting a business at the time that they entered into arrangement with Mr. Herniman.In the conclusion cited by Kellan, and origin with the definition of partnership, as a relationship which subsist between persons carrying or business in common, with a view of profit. The view of Williams never took to its preliminary stages because as cited in the dispute, nothing really came out, all the activities rendered by both Williams and Goudberg were just exploratory or preparatory in nature. Factual circumstances does not spirit level to any conclusion that there was partnership involved. Herniman, being the respondent was not able to establish that there was really a partnership because as cited he had never performed any architectural preparations to the proposed project(reading,2007) Accordingly, his police squad was prepared to understate a certain amount o f preliminary work to assist Williams and Goudberg to get the project happening.Assignment Question 2Problem SolvingA business that is well conceived and well mean possesses certain inherent advantages. At the same time, the fact of its newness may have significant disadvantages(Hamilton 2005) One of these comes in the planning. The starting point of any program of a business is a careful estimate of requirements. The wonted(prenominal) starting point of a business computes is the record of the immediate past, modified for foreseeable variation during the forecast period. The possibility of substantial errors of forecast is great. Unfortunately, the spirit of optimism which is the necessary accompaniment of new ventures in business tends to educate underestimates rather than overestimates. Lets take a look at one typical case of a business partnership that did not have any starting point of planning. The case of Ken and mare. The start of their mutual venture or partnership is an example of a business that did not have smooth take off. There are rules in establishing a partnership that they have overlooked. At the start, it seemed that Ken was the industrial partner, and Maria was the one who financed everything. Since the registered name of the business bear the names of both

Poverty in England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Poverty in England - Essay ExampleThe class-bound social club did not permit infiltration and this social structure was largely responsible for an impoverished condition of the working classes. One could not work ones way to the top and things began to stagnate for the working class. This conduct to workers unions and other activities that recognized the poverty that existed in the lower strata of the British society. It also led to an increase in violence in the society. The cultural grammar of any society provides many opportunities to breach social rules (Violence and Crime in theNineteenth Century England The Shadow of our Refinement, J. Carter Wood, Routledge 1 edition (June 17, 2004) The distribution of resources was largely unequal and the inequality of income make the situation all the worse. While countries like Germany and the United States possessed fast-paced developing industries and an abundance of inherent resources yet to be exploited, Britain had none of these a nd had to look overseas for these resources. This worsened the situation. The threat of an upcoming war that engulfed numerous countries of the world, meant that Britain had to get her war-strategies and preparation right. This, in turn, meant a huge amount of expenditure, which is another reason that led to the drop off of a portion of the society, that remain impoverished.It is later that the Government recognized these facts and in order to appease the dissatisfy working class, introduced welfare reforms and wage hikes.

Britton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Britton - Essay deterrent exampleOn the other hand, developed countries are defined as technologically and ecologically advanced, enjoy comparatively high standards of living and have modern social and political institutions and structures (Huybers, 2007, p. 28). Britton expresses his own view on develop countries by quoting third word countries are seen to suffer from a series of common structural distortions in their economic and social organization. Britton makes emphasizes that third innovation countries are characterized by forms of dependent development. Britton claims that dependency is conceptualized as the mathematical process of historical conditioning that alters the internal functioning of social and economic sub-system within an underdeveloped country. He merely outlines that foreign parties have a legacy of political, ideological and economic transformation in the third world countries (Britton, 1982, p. 333). He elaborates that dependency entails the subordination of the national economic independence, which has to meet the requirements of foreign individuals and upper class ships company as a substitute of political priorities. According to his analysis, Britton believes that structural alterations include lack of fundamental infrastructure like air space, roads and proper knowledge of the tourism industry are the main fix of the underdevelopment. Telfer and Sharpley also attributes this underdevelopment to gender issues like lack of human safety, rights and security (Sharpley & Telfer, 2008, p.4). Britton through his journal draws the event that colonialism is a major key in how much development takes place in a authoritative country. Colonization is defined as the invasion and control of other peoples resources and land. During colonization, the original people is kicked out of large plots of land and settlers from another country occupying their land (Mowforth & Munt, 2003, p. 73). Britton also argues that, colonial and imperial domination has largely contributed to the downfall of many underdeveloped countries especially during the post-colonial period. Many post- colonise countries have close ties with the government of the countries that colonized them. However, according to Britton, this benefits the underdeveloped countries and offers them a chance to flourish due to these benefits since members of the ruling class bear the exponent required in dealing with the foreign government representatives and officials of the industry itself. According to Britton, many underdeveloped nations delectation tourism in generating foreign exchange as well as increasing employment opportunities that deplumate development capital. Therefore, these underdeveloped countries mainly target tourists from these developed countries since they are seen as higher valued in terms of tourism (Kunkel, 2008, p. 37). In order for the underdeveloped nations, to develop a strong tourist rescue they have to be rely on the developed nations since capital from foreign tourism is necessary and honest to any evolution nation. Therefore, post-colonial countries always seek overseas investments in order to aid them in developing tourism plans. Due to this, many underdeveloped nations have developed business ties with developed countries that are their major tourists since they largely assist them in raising revenue (Lea, 1988, p. 27). Additionally, Briton states the fact that third world countries do not have a choice but to accept the high degree

Due diligence standards in the US and the UK appear to provide deal Essay

Due practical application standards in the US and the UK appear to provide deal parties different incentives as to disclosure - Essay ExampleDuty of bursting charge is a fiducial duty for the Board but it can also be delegated (Batterson, nd). When due perseverance examination is outsourced i.e. accounting professionals are hired to produce a report for an entitys afterlife prospects, the fiduciary duty of due diligence is delegated to the professionals.It is non only the bidders responsibility to exercise due diligence but the sucker company also needs to provide that information to the potential buyer which is not publicly available. A significant amount of information becomes automatically available to the Board when it examines the financial statements of the tail company. In order to exercise due diligence, mere dependence on financial statements is insufficient because these statements retard the opinion of an auditor regarding the fact whether the statements are prepar ed according to the generally accepted accounting principles. These statements do not provide a reliable forecast on the target companys future profits. This is why a special audit is required to obtain relevant and reliable information (Weiner, 2010). However, in cases where a hostile bid is placed, the bidder only has the option of relying on the publicly available information of the target company. Also, the target company is not legally obligated to expose its private information in a hostile bid. Publicly available information of a company includesContingent liabilities Liabilities that mogul arise from unfinished litigation or environmental liabilities. This information can also be obtained from financial statements but it might also not be disclosed if it does not meet the criteria of materialityRestrictions The bidder has to be careful for the cosmea of any agreements or covenants that putt restrictions on the conduct of the targets business. For instance, covenants that require an entity not to competeFurther, a bidder should

Mixed Blood Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mixed Blood - Assignment ExampleI believe that the writer is right in questioning the existence of the term race in our minds. Since most people believe it is a biological entity. However, one must remember that there be no biological tests that bottom of the inning help enlighten humilitary personnels into different races.The author puts a question in all our minds but then answers them precisely with scientific explanation. He concludes that race is nothing but a fantasy of the human mind. Human beings are one species and therefore can engage in mating. Two people from any part of the origination can mate and produce a child who is sterile thereby vindicating that there is absolutely no biological or genomic difference between any races whatsoever. He further explains the origin of man and writes that man originated in Africa from where he migrated to different parts of the world. Genetics plays an important role here since random mutations, contagious drifts and other catch ing changes were induced into the genome of man to help him in his survival of the fittest in different surroundings. The survival of the fittest theory helped Nature select the genetic changes which were best suitable and hence this gave rise to the varying phenotypic features that we find today in different parts of the world.The writer skillfully presents his viewpoint that race cannot and should not considered a biological entity as well since this classification itself is without nay proper basis. Study of genetics can help people understand that the different features that have been inherited as a result of genetic changes are best suited for survival and are not a base for

Toyotas Social Initiatives Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Toyotas Social Initiatives - Case Study ExampleThis essay declares that iodine of the most important questions that the rise of the modern business corporation has triggered in the minds of men is the following What is the spirit of a business? Like the human beings that founded, managed, and grew them, corporations have searched for settlements to this basic question on the assumption that doing so would give meaning to their existence, their behavior, and the countless short- and long-term business decisions made each day. This paper stresses that the search for an answer is non easy. Why and how does a business begin? Usually, some brave soul discovers a admit in society that washbasin be met, a product or a service that arse be sold either because no one else is selling it or because s/he thinks it can be improved, made more convenient, or sold at a cheaper price. In the process, the person who discovers this unmet have and can supply it to people who are willing to pay the right price becomes rich. The business grows, expands, competes, and indeed goes public by listing in the stock marketand so what? This is where having a business purpose comes in handy, because making money is the easy part (although most start-up businesses fail, not only in the States but in any other part of the world). These successful businesses go beyond finding shipway to be profitable and try to discover how to spend those profits. the companys business goals can be profitable if properly managed.... The business grows, expands, competes, and then goes public by listing in the stock marketand then what This is where having a business purpose comes in handy, because making money is the easy part (although most start-up businesses fail, not only in America but in any other part of the world). These successful businesses go beyond finding ways to be profitable and try to discover how to spend those profits. At first, companies were laughing(prenominal) to share those p rofits with their managers, employees, and shareholders, but over the years, everyone realized that there were limits to the amount of money one could spend. In their search for a purpose, they came up with several answers.Adam Smith, in his Wealth of Nations, Book III authorise Of the Natural Progress of Opulence (Bartleby 2001) entreated private businesses to go beyond profits and create surpluses for export because this would intimation to progressive wealth resulting in the improvement of the standard of living and the cultivation of society, a sort of nirvana on earth where everyone would be happy. Drucker (1955) argued that the creation of value is the purpose of the organization, and that the purpose of business is to create and relieve a customer. Friedman (1962) also emphasized that the social responsibility of business is to increase profits and maximize shareholder return without breaking the law, and that it is not the purpose of business to take care of society.Two prominent thinkers disagreed. freeman (1984), the pioneer of stakeholder theory, defined (p. 48) stakeholders as groups and individuals who can affect the organisation and that managerial behaviour must answer to those groups and individuals. Freeman argued that a business must go

Business law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

crinkle law - Case Study ExampleHe did not go to them to typesetters case him injury and imposition. If these third race had been more vigilant, they would squander realized the impact of the adhesive they would on his body. The surgeon was particularly heedless when he had the realization that the insulating layer would cause harm but did nothing about it. Karl must and then ask the three people through his claim to account for their stewardship and the pain they caused to him.Claim of employing the wrong people can also be laid against the hospital. This is because the hospital is the employing agency for the three people who put Karls life at risk. If the hospital officials who were in charge of recruitment and placement had been proactive in their duty, they would have known the kind of practitioners the three persons are. Claim could therefore be made for the refund of Karls cash and any extra amount to cater for the pain he is presently going through and the pain he is likely to suffer in the future. On the part of the manufacturers, Karl can contend that the company difference out an insulating layer from the pad. This act amounts to negligence of duty on the part of the manufacturers.The applicable defenses can work up for the surgeon, nurse and anesthesiologist is that they needed to rely on the ECR to get the surgery completed and that the major cause of the injury was the absence of the insulating layer and not necessarily the adhesive

Research Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Article - Essay Exampleharmonize to the authors, this study is the first step in definition of differences related to location and kind of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and awareness of mutation-specific dangers may offer critical information for evaluation of clinical run a risk which will assist women and their physicians to establish the finest intercession plan for them. Everybody has BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes which carries instructions for manufacturing proteins that are tasked with fighting tumors through fixation of mistakes in the DNA. Nevertheless, some unfortunate individuals get down mutations in these genes that increase their vulnerability of getting ovarian and pap cancers as well as former(a) cancers such as prostrate, pancreas, peritoneum and fallopian tubes).It is approximated that 1 in 300 to 1 in 800 individuals have one of these iconoclastic mutations. Nonetheless, some populations have much higher prevalence. Having BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations raises the ris k of having both ovarian and white meat cancers by motley percentages. A JAMA study enlisted over 30,000 women from 33 countries on six continents all having BRCA mutations known to raise the risk of cancer. Over 90 percent of the women were white while almost 10 percent were Ashkenazi Jews. The women were categorized into bins on the basis of where mutations occurred in the genome. They then examined to know how many women in every bin were diagnosed with ovarian/breast cancer while being monitored. It was discovered that 46 percent of the 19,581 women having a BRCA1 mutation tested arrogant for breast cancer, 12 percent tested positive for ovarian cancer,5 percent had both and only 37 percent were cancer free. In addition, the average age during diagnosis was 39.9 years for breast cancer and to a greater extent than 50 for ovarian cancer.On the other hand, amongst the 11,900 women having BRCA2 mutation 52 percent tested positive for breast

AIDS In The Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AIDS In The Workplace - Essay ExampleFor the past two centuries, countless citizens in these United States, from every race, background and persuasion, have reposed their faith on these words to secure for them the basic rights they ar entitled to.Even while this statement c everys the truth of mens equality self-evident, succeeding generations of racial minorities and economic classes have had to struggle to lay claim this right. The significance and interpretation of the very phrase all men be created equal has repeatedly been called into question apparently, it was non as self-evident as the mental hospital Fathers had initially envisioned it to be. For instance, more than one and a half centuries after the Declaration of Independence, people of saturation were taken to be less than and even property of the white man, and new immigrants were regarded with disdain compared to native-born Americans, although the inside native-born Americans were understood not to include nativ e indigeneous Americans. This is not to mention the stereotypes attached to the male and effeminate genders, the religious faithful, and levels of education particularly those reared in private or ivy-league schools as against the public schools. But these were the send-off two centuries of American nationhood.In the twenty-first century, it seems such issues have been repeatedly put to the test by judicial pronouncements and legal statutes. There is a special case, however, wherein discrimination is still a stinging issue. These are in the matter of persons with physical disabilities in the workplace. Those with genetic and natural disabilities already contend with the prejudice that they could not perform as well as able-bodied individuals, which, to be frank, may be true in some occupations. The chicken-and-egg dilemma of disabilities in the workplace is that if disabled people are considered equal, it means they should enjoy no special favors, else it is the able-bodied who a re discriminated

Organizations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizations - Research Paper ExamplePro assail is also a product for the presidential term. Natural gas is also an important product for the company. Apart from natural gas, the London based plaque has products like Petroleum, aim Fuels, and Petrochemical and aviation fuels. In 2013 revenue of the administration was US$ 396.217 billion. As far as the revenue of the organization is jobed it is the fifth largest organization in the industry. The company is vertically integrated. BP over the years has done four-dimensional works in the industry. The organization is engaged with exploration, production, distribution, and refining, trading and power generation. BP is public limited company and shargons of the organizations are traded in London Stock exchange, New York Stock exchange and Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Political and sparing factors are the two key factors as far as the external environment of the organization is concerned. The organization has multinational presence. Po litical stability is significantly important for the company (Ulph, 2011, pp. 45-47). Political situations of the different countries vary from from each one other. Political situation of USA is significantly different from the same of Somalia and Pakistan. When the organization takes any project overseas, it involves gobs of human resources, finances and technologies. Political instability can be a significant matter of concern for the organization. Global political unrests can delay the projects of BP. It can be a significant barrier to supremacy as far as the financial results are concerned. Global economical situation is also a key external factor for the company. If the economic situation of the world is sluggish then revenue of the organization can decline because sales figure of the organization will decline due to sluggish economic situations. On the other hand if the global economy is doing well then demands of the energy products will

The preaching of Augustine Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The preaching of Augustine - Research Proposal ExampleThis paper allow discuss some of the styles that Augustine employ to deliver his message and why it was important for him to preach using the Bible.Augustine apply Bible stories to pull a mass of people to listen to him. This is because he engaged the crowd through using examples that correlate well with their lives.2 In addition, he made connections with the congregation by using truthful linguistic languages so that the message could be understood by all.3 This made him likable in that no one was discriminated against his style of preaching in that he built a sense of connection with themIn addition, Augustine used theological themes such as grace, love and judgment to preach to the people.4 Through these themes in the Bible, he could use them to explain certain issues in the society. This contributed on the fact that he had many followers in that they began to learn about God. Augustine withal preached regularly such that he interpreted almost every book of account in the Bible.5 This served him well in that the people understood why Augustine was religious in that the understood the tender-hearted love that God had for His people.6 This illustrates that Augustine was an important figure in not only the community but also the History of Christianity in that he helped the people understand the coherent significance of believing in God.7In conclusion, it is clear that Augustine used the Bible explicitly to communicate to the people in the community. Through the Bible, Augustine emphasized on the importance of faith in God through sharing scriptural texts. In addition, he used simple language and biblical stories to reach to the congregation and the people as a whole. Augustine preached to the people by using theological themes such as judgment and Grace to assert the significance of believing in God. This shows that Augustine was an important figure in the History of Christianity

The giving tree summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The giving tree summary - Essay ExampleThe male child no longer gleamed with happiness, and this hurt the tree that had no choice but to inquire if there is anything she could do help the boy and make him happy once again. The boy, now an adolescent, desired money therefore, the tree offered him her apples to go sell so that she could see him happy again (Silverstein, 1964).Time passed, and the boy grew into an adult and his state of lugubriousness returned, and the tree inquired once again what she could do to make the boy happy. The boy responded by saying he would like to make a house and raise his family therefore, the tree gave him her branches and both were happy again. Time passed, and the boy returned to the tree sad. Once more, the tree asked what she could do for him to make him happy and the boy told her that he needed a boat that would enable him to sail far away. Therefore, the tree offered the boy her trunk to build his boat. Both were happy, and the boy sailed off into lands unknown and never returned until he was very old (Silverstein, 1964).The tree was so happy when the boy returned in his old age, but her happiness was soon short-lived when she realized she had nothing left to conk out the boy. The tree explained the situation to the boy who told her that he only needed a place to sit and peace of mind for he was old and tired. Therefore, the tree offered him her stump, and both were once again happy (Silverstein,

Classroom Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classroom Comparison - Essay voiceAlso, there are many ways in which both classrooms are different. In American classrooms, identicalness is encouraged and the students participate freely in the classroom. This is very different from the classroom from my childhood, where conformity was expected. A nonher departure is that there is not very much homework in American classrooms. The classroom from my childhood had hemorrhoid of homework and every student was expected to complete it.I feel that I learn dress hat in American classrooms because I can freely ask questions of the teacher. In the classroom from my childhood, if I did not understand something then there was no way of finding out about it. I would besides say that the well-being of the student is first and foremost in American classrooms. I feel that school day should be focused on the students because they need it for a future career. The classroom from my childhood included a lot of respect for the teacher and student s were expected to be

Marketing Plan of Grace Kennedy Company Limited Term Paper

Marketing Plan of dump Kennedy Company Limited - Term Paper ExampleThis essay describes the Grace Kennedy Company Limited, that has been around for the retiring(a) eighty-two years. The company with its staff of hale over two four hundred persons sells tangible goods topically as well as internationally. The aspects of the companys business consist of various areas. Operations, manufacturing, research, financing, personnel, marketing, business digest and counseling, planning, presentations and project management are some of the ways by which the company fits into a number of its different aspects of business. A combination of all of these factors will help to ensure the financial success of Grace Kennedy Limited, which is its simple objective. While conducting business in a competitive market, it is to the companys best interest that they agnize the competition. This knowledge will help them to better strategize their efforts. Businesses that are without competition tends to g et sloppy as well as take advantage of consumers. To continue increasing profits Grace Kennedy Company Limited should be willing to charge reasonable prices for its products. In order to develop new products for consumers, ongoing research make regularly. Because of ongoing research done in its product line, consumer of necessity are better able met and and so there will be an increase in sales. To create customer value, corporations should focus on the needs of individual customers as well as market segments and target industries, not product-or commodity-based priorities of the internal organization.

Out sourcing man power strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Out sourcing humankind power strategy - Research Paper ExampleFinally, I give high regards to my parents who assisted me financially and in advisory terms.This inquiry is directed at analyzing the current state of the HR outsourcing market in Borouge and the trends that are dominant in the same. Today, in this epoch of globalization, there is a high level of rival in all arenas (Anikin & IL, 2009). One really significant trend in the recent times has been the maturement of human resource outsourcing. The dynamic nature of the market and global competitive pressures in the organizations are generate the organizations to concentrate on their burden clientele (Baca, 2009). Many organizations are rapidly identifying that they cannot provide everything to all consumers. For that reason, more companies are opting to outsource some of their HR for specific purposes in the organization (Coase, 2005, pp. 2-3). Where they let somebody else sell the rest in a more effective and cost-effec tive fashion. As a consequence, human resources outsourcing is fit more and more dominant. The number of organizations outsourcing HR roles are continuously growing, and the scope of outsourced HR activities continues to inflate (Allen, et al., 2003, pp. 1-2). Outsourcing has aim a normal response in the management and technology resources that encourages strategic measure in enhancing whole tone services and reduction of cost of running businesses effectively (Baca, 2009). Companies where organizations outsource their HR function hires professionals who have the association and resources expected for the specifically fulfil the clients needs partially or wholly of a clients human resources role, leaving the customer to streamline their internal operations and focus on getting service in their burden clientele (Coase, 2005).With the increased globalization, outsourcing has become a crucial aspect in effectual administration of a business.

Harmful Things Essay Example for Free

Harmful Things EssayMobile Dont put your mobile closer to your ears until the pass catcher answers, Because directly after dialing, the mobile phone would use its maximum signaling power, which is 2watts = 33dbi. amuse Be C beful. Please use left ear while using cell (mobile), because if you use the right one it may affect brain directly. This is a true fact from pollo medical team. 2) APPY FIZZ Do not make whoopie APPY FIZZ . It contains cancer causing agent. 3) Mentos Dont waste Mentos before or after drinking Coke or Pepsi coz the person will die immediately as the mixture becomes cyanide. Please fwd to whom u care 4) Kurkure Dont eat kurkure because it contains high amount of plastic if U dont Believe burn kurkure n u can follow plastic melting. Please forward to all News report from Times of India 5) Avoid these tablets as they are very dangerous * D cold * Vicks action- 500 * Actified * Coldarin * Co some * Nice * Nimulid * Cetrizet-D They contain Phenyl- propanol -A mide PPA. Which Causes strokes, and these tablets are banned in U. S. 6) Cotton Ear Buds Cotton Ear Buds (Must read it) Please do not show sympathy to people selling buds on roadside or at Signals.. right wanted to warn you people not to buy those Packs of ear buds you channel at the roadside. Its made From cotton that has already been used in hospitals. They take all the dirty, blood and pus filled cotton, wash it, whitewash it and use it to make ear buds. So, unless you want to become the first person in the world to get Herpes Zoster Oticus (a viral infection of the inner, middle, and external ear) of the ear and that too from a cotton bud, DONT obtain THEM Please forward to all this may be helpful for Someone.. . Please forward to all your ascend and dear Ones.

Football salary Essay Example for Free

Football salary EssayMany the great unwashed think that footballers are paid too much notes for doing too little effort. However, this can be argues because they are people who have dedicated their entire life to this sport and therefore they should be rewarded. provided in the end there is lots of people need that money to survive and get any(prenominal) food and clean water. The money which is given to players should be reduced because what they do isnt worth all the money they get. Because the average salary of a professional football player of February 2010 was listed at round $1.8 meg yr (Mandi R Hall, www.ehow.com).thither are also other people that have worked harder throughout their lives by work and studying. Players perform a sport where they do not save anyones life unlike doctors who study for 6 consecutive years, work for several hours, and literally save peoples lives. But the problem is even doctors they dont gut that high salary like the average in 2009 fo r doctors in the US was $226,000/ year (mdsalaries.blogspot.com). There are also other careers like police officers who devote their lives to provide a safe community.A single football player receives high amounts of money where half of this amount could be spent on medical supplies, help have a better education, and also help many needy people. Because commission school for example The Williamstown Public School in Williamstown, Massachusetts is an old school, so they are currently building a new one. It costs $14.5 million and it will house 650 students maximum. The Williamstown Public School is just about three times bigger than Marks Meadow.Since our school is about 1/3 smaller, it would cost about 1/3 less money to build. $14.5 million divided by three equals about $4.8 million (arps.org).The players effort is insignificant and worthless compare to the amount of they get. The reasons why they should not be paid as much as they do, are Children should be in better schools hav e a higher grade of education, people who work harder should get better salaries, the money people sent in football as a whole should be used better on investment or donations.

Bargaining Power of Buyers Essay Example for Free

Bargaining Power of Buyers EssayAccording to Michael Porter, one of the 5 forces that drive out cause competition and influence a corporation is purchasers/consumers. Without customers a business is nothing. Buyers cause corporations to debate against one anformer(a) by causing them to debase prices and produce higher qualities of goods/services to consumers. The following atomic number 18 when a buying group has the greatest influence. When a buying group purchases large volumes When one buyer purchases most of a providers sales, the importance of that buyer to the supplier is significant. If they stop buying, the supplier takes a dramatic financial hit. When items purchased are standard If all items in a market are standardised or standardized, it allows a buyer to feel confident in doing business with other suppliers. Suppliers need to lower prices to keep consumers coming to them. When the buyer faces few switching Costs If a buyer faces little to no costs to switch to another supplier, there is no reason to stop them from switching if a supplier is offering a product for cheaper. Buyers can roam the market looking for the best deal.Suppliers on the other hand may have large switching costs making it hard to change markets. When buyers can backward integrate A buyer may not need to buy from a supplier if they can acquire items from inside the business. An example could be a bakery that requires wheat to make bread. They would rearward integrate by buying a farm with a wheat processor and no daylong having the need to buy wheat from a supplier. When buyers product quality doesnt matter Buyers will be price sensitive if the products they are producing do not require great quality. The buyer will go to whoever is the cheapest.

Public key infrastructure Essay Example for Free

Public cite substructure EssayPublic see groundwork is arrangements used to bind familiar come acrosss with identities of respective user by means of authentication of authority. There should be unique user identity for each enfranchisement of authority. cheek of spinal column is through registration and issuance process which is carried out under human supervision or software at a certificate of authority depending on assurance level. Registration authority assures this binding where each user identity, their binding, the ordinary key and validity conditions are made in a vogue that it can not be forged in the humans key certificates that are issued by the certificate of authority.Why Public Key Infrastructure Is ImportantPublic key infrastructure en satisfactorys users of unsecured public networks for example, internet to privately and securely exchange data and money by use of private and public cryptographic key pair obtained and shared through a trusted authori ty. It also provides for digital certificate that is used to identify an organization or individual and directory services used to store or rear the certificates. (Warwick, 1998 pp50-55). Public key infrastructure en ables computer users with no prior contact to use information in public key in their public key certificates to be able to encrypt messages to each opposite. It has a client software, smart cards, server software, assurances, legal contracts and operational procedures.Public key infrastructure enable parties in any dialogue establish message integrity and confidentiality without the need for exchanging any secret information in advance and do not need any prior contact. Public key infrastructure supports digital signatures that enhance surety of transaction, services that are essential such as certificate revocation and validation, key backup and recovery. Updating key pairs simultaneously helps to minimize work load of administration for public key infrastructure. I t also supports cross certification which creates truly federated identity through enabling integration among circles of trust.The other importance is that, it enables users to have large intercourse partners and consumers transact and communicate in a dynamic way. It is good and cost effective where it does not involve use of huge amount of money. Public key infrastructure organization is closely tied to enterprise directory scheme when public key of employees are stored together with his private details for example, phone, e-mail, department and location. This saves time in retrieving the data that is needed because once the name of employee is known all(a) the necessary information concerning him or her is easily available in the same place. (Baum, 1998 pp 56-59).How It Relates To Information Technology (It) suretyCommunication pledge establishment operate and manage public key infrastructure bridge. It signs and manages common certification authorities that certify public k ey infrastructure. As information applied science security, establishment of communication security helps in developing technical documentation and operational standards with respect to risk and vulnerability analysis, analysis of system and networks security and product evaluation in consultation with form _or_ system of government management departments and authority as they bushel to public key infrastructure and applications that are related.Information technology security give advice and assist policy management departments and authority on standards of operation and technical documentation. When managers follow the advice given to them, their departments will be able to perform well and to the expectations of organization as a whole. They will assist the employee in performing their duties so that at the end they are able to do quality work that brings the desired results. (Steven, 1998 pp 23-26).Strategic security services are provided and technical advice to support imple mentation, design and operation of public key infrastructure and unfavourable related elements of infrastructure. They develop and provide training which is specialized with respect to vulnerability of networks, conduct related inquiry and development and appropriate mitigation strategies. Information technology maintains and advice architecture of overall system of public key infrastructure. It operates and manages merging technology test bed for supporting interoperability test between secure emerging technology applications and key public infrastructure.Business requires making partners, customers and suppliers more efficient, demands ways of securely opening up networks and applications. They touch for different ways of carrying out business in order to enjoy the benefit of business communication and commerce provided by online channel opportunities which includes consumer web applications and business partner extranets.Authentication answers have been costly and gawky in t he past. There has been limited proliferation of these solutions. With VeriSign, customers are able to move to an easier and ubiquitous universal authentication solution relying on VeriSigns services of security to offer high breed security for internet and network resources. Managed public key infrastructure fast track is used for enterprises to secure small scale applications. Enterprises are able to control issuing of digital certificates to internal and external users while processing tasks of outsourcing data like genesis of digital certificate, renewal, validation and revocation. (Steven, 1998 pp27-30).REFERENCESWarwick F. and Baum M. (1998) public key infrastructure interoperation Science and Technology Spring, pp50-59.Steven S. (1998) Incorporation by filename extension and public key infrastructure VeriSign, pp23-30.

Californian Wine Clusters Essay Example for Free

calciumn drink Clusters strainIdentify the players in the Californian booze cluster, who be they?Main players are growers, vineyard owners, wineries and automated process facilities. Moreover, there are many supporting players such as bottle, cork and barrel producers, CAGR, Research and development Institutions which are addicted to improve wine production and services, Distri hardlyion Channels to business and direct customers, brim for financing, Tourism Clusters for presenting, Government, wine magazines, restaurants and bars, food cluster, U.C Davis, producers of equipment which are used in production of wines and grape vines. As types of those equipment, fertilizers, labeling machines, trucks, scissors, etc. prat be listed. Government role is important, because taxation, production regulations, supports for exporting and production quotas all are in mint of governing body.What are the reasons behind the Californian wine cluster succeeder?Two key factors in succe ss of Californian wine cluster are price and taste. Those two are decision making factors for consumer. foremost their price is cheap, because Californian wineries yield amount is high, tax amount for a bottle is low, production susceptibility in the mean area is high, labor cost is low, there is no production quota by government and they are using automated systems for wine production which is more efficient. Those are the reasons that present low price opportunities. Taste comes with wisdom of years in production. Research facilities, wine production and gourmet schools, good character reference grapes, fine barreling materials and supporting spices in wine make Californian wines taste better and better in years. As support elements, Californian Food and Tourism clusters are helping wine cluster as brothers and sisters.Food cluster has many different kind of best chefs and restaurants which serve very best of dishes with wines which admixture of taste calls for new customers. Tourism cluster brings new possible customers to food cluster and wine cluster. Wine tasting tours and winery tours are big(p)(a) chances for presenting Californian wines to the rest of the world. Beyond all of those, California is in one of the strongest countries andgovernment, trade unions, institutions, powerful people give support to wine clusters in presenting, producing and transporting. Other big competitors as Italy and France are stricken about regulations and taxation which bring Californian wines success.How is the blank space regarding the wine industry in France, Italy, Australia, Chile?In competition, Italy, France, Australia and Chile are main actors against California, and old big players are France and Italy. In exporting, France takes the lead and Italy takes the second row. They are the closest ones to EU consumers which are main consumers and they are old player. Over passing decades, Australian and Californian wines have kept the quality up and caught Franc e and Italy. As a result, especially French and also Italian wine price levels remained high besides of California and Australia. Also, French government put regulations for production amount and taxation.Australia is a very fast increment wine producer and their price level and quality is very fine. Besides, many farmlands turned into vineyards and consumption level is demanding sidereal day by day. Also government supports export and regulates wine sided. Furthermore, they are very close to Asia which is a growing business in wine sector. Chile has a lower consumption and production according to Australia and California, but their price level is low and taxation and regulations are helpful in terms of improving production and growing wine business. Their wines are carton packed and acidic, and also those give the opportunity of cheap wines.If you were the governor of California, what would you do about the wine cluster?Regarding wine clusters, firstly I probably offer approxim ately marketers to market premium products with better price, and create better brands. I would try to open gourmet, chef and wine ingenious schools, also more research institutions for not also wine production but also their materials and grape species. I push tourism sector to create especially wine tasting and winery revenge tours. Moreover, placing wine and best brands into Californian advertisementcampaigns. Reason behind all of those, Californian wine needfully presentation, awareness and marketing, moreover good labeling and better brand image in minds. So, to create all course of study of brands from premium down to simple versions, they need premium marketing advises and campaigns.

Research project would - Library System Essay Example for Free

Research project would Library System Essay graduation and foremost I offer my sincerest gratitude to our professor Mr. Marlon M. Sumait who has supported me throughout my thesis with his patience and knowledge.In my nonchalant work I have been blessed with a friendly and cheerful classmate and friends who helped me in the knit of data collection and programming my system. Special thanks to my cousin Richard S. Pasuquin (Web developer at IT Easy software resultant at Quezon City Philippines) for the providence in my thesis in the field of codes and some encodings made. INTRODUCTIONSchools toughened the various pedagogical changes to achieve the current level of education in other countries. Because of the growing rime of computer users, this became an effective medium to demonstrate the knowledge and skills of the students. From the traditional searching process for the books in the libraries, the synergistic usage of computers can be now addressed as part of the library s ystem. Background and bother StatementIn the aim of the universities to supply the necessary materials to their students, the idea of library management system is introduces. This involves the custom for processing, accessing and retrieving the information that can effectively support the process of students learning, decision- making and scholastically approaches. Because of the organized approach and systematic management of the information, the accessibility and retrieval in the library can be easy. send back OF CONTENTSCHAPTER TITLE PAGETitle Page iAcknowledgement iiTable of circumscribe iiiScope And Delimitation ivI. Introduction 11.1 Relevant Findings 21.2 Statement of the job 3Objective (Significance of Study)1.3 Methodology 4II. Structure of Thesis1.4 Data Flow Diagram 51.5 Case Study(Library System Codings)- 61.5.0 LOG IN FORM CODINGS 71.5.1 MAIN FORM CODINGS 8-91.5.2 account book LIST 10-111.5.3 ADDING BOOKS 12-131.5.4 CHOOSE STUDENT 14-151.5.5 BORROWIN G BOOKS 16-191.5.6 EDIT BOOKS 20-211.5.7 RETURNED BOOKS 22-231.5.7 ADDING USERS 22-23

Medicines and drugs Essay Example for Free

Medicines and do drugss EssayA drug or medicament is a chemic that alters incoming sensory sensations, mood or emotions, or physiologic state.Painkillers, hallucinogens and alcohols argon examples of drugs and medicines that alter incoming sensory sensations.Prozac and alcohol alter mood or emotionsSteroids, cig bettes and marrow squash medicines alter physiological state, including consciousness, activity level or coordination.Drugs much(prenominal) as antiseptics, antibiotics and antivirals be infection fighters hormones and vitamins affect body interpersonal chemistry or metabolism stimulants, depressants, analgesics and anesthetics affect the central nervous system and the spirit. It is also important to understand that the man body has great natural healing processes some drugs just increase the rate of natural healing. likewise, thither could be a placebo aftermath, it is when a pharmacologically inert substance that demand calculates to help beca consumption the person victorious the substance was told that it would draw.Placebo effect is examined by giving sugar pills to one sort of trial runs uncomplainings, and real drugs to a nonher group (when they be non aw atomic number 18 of which they receive).B.1.2 Outline the stages involved in research, development and interrogatory of new pharmaceutic products.This germinates a genuinely long time and costs a fortune, and is often controlled by the government. Before drugs argon tested on humans, they must be testing on various animals (start with small animals and accordingly go to bigger ones).The range of effectual social diseases, the doses in which side- do arise and the lethal doses take a shit to be determined.There atomic number 18 3 phases thence clinical trial clinical evaluation ( more in depth analysis) human studies with more evaluation,Very few drugs make it to the market, and the development would hasten cost a lot. any(prenominal)times, things send away tr anquillize go wrong, like Thalidomide. It was given to pregnant women to bemuse across morning sickness, scarce it cause deformities in babies Now it is still employ, but to distribute skin sores.B.1.3. Describe the polar methods of administering drugs* Oral Very convenient. hitherto, it dexterity not be reliable as the rate of absorption depends on drug concentration, stomach content and pH value. As most is absent in the small intestines, so the drug must survive the throttle valvetric acid. thus it often lays in time release capsules.* Rectal Good when drug cannot be taken by word of m offh due to vomiting or because the drug is pH sensitive.* Inhalation Rapid, as there are piles of pipeline vessels in the lungs, and therefore a drug would have a reliable effect. Good for prevalent anaesthesia, and asthma medicine.* Parentalo Just below the skin slower than for intravenous. Used often for alveolar injectionso Into muscles for large doses, or when immediate respons e is not needed (vaccines etc).o Intravenous approximately instantaneous, but cannot be undone when injectedFatty lipids whitethorn bind some variety shows of drugs, so the drugs wont conduct the body so fastThe half life of a drug is the time for half the dose in the body to be eliminated.B.1.4. prove the terms lethal dosage (LD50), gross profit margin and side effectuate.LD50 is the lethal dose for 50% of the population and it varies a lot from drug to drug.When one is tolerant, then one has to take a larger dose in order to feel the wanted set up. rough people after(prenominal) often use of a drug bugger offs dependant on it physically (they must have it to be able to function physically) or psychologically (they must have it to feel right). Tolerance doesnt necessarily dream up that one gets utilize to the harmful do.Sometimes it is hard to know the difference between main effect and side effect. A drug has many effects, and some patients benefit from a few of those effects then those are the main effects, and all the early(a) are side effects. Someone else, with another disease may benefit from other effects, and then those become the main effects. There are always harmful effects withal.The risk benefit ratio should also be considered.B.2.1. State and explain how excess acidity in the stomach can be reduced by the use of unlike bases.Bases, most often alloy oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or hydrogen carbonates are used as antacids. These react with acid in the stomach to pose the pH value.The purpose of stomachal acid is to kill off bacterium, and help in digestion. However, over-eating or strive stimulates more production of acid, causing discomfort.The active ingredients tend to be this react only with HClatomic number 12 OxideMagnesium HydroxideAluminium HydroxideCalcium CarbonateSodium Hydrogen CarbonateMagnesium TrisilicateSome of the products Carbon dioxide is a gas. So a foaming agent has to be added to prohibit excessive belch ing. Also alginates are used, to prevent acid reflux.If too much antacid is used, the stomach becomes too radical, and that hurts too then more antacid might be wrongly taken. This trinitys to alkalosis.B.3.2. Describe the use of derivatives of salicylic acid as subdued analgesics and compare the advantages and disadvantages of using aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen)Salicylic acid is used as an anti-pyretic (fever reducer) and mild analgesic ( pain sensationkiller), but it is a strong acid and hurts the stomach and mouth so variations of salicylic acid was used. One is Acetyl Salicylic superman (ASA) or Aspirin, which has the benefits of salicylic acid and does not irritate so much due to the acetyl group.When ASA reacts with water, it becomes salicylic acid, and the by-product of ethanoic acid.GOOD It is just for killing minor pain, reducing fever, acting as an anti-inflammatory agent and prevents abnormal kind clot. enceinte Upsets stomach and bleeding allergy accident al poisoning in infants and Reyes syndrome.Acetaminophen is also an anti-pyretic and analgesic. However it does not upset the stomach and is safe. However, overdose can still occur and steer to liver and brain damage. And it is not anti-inflammatory.Ibuprofen is like aspirin and cause fewer stomach problems. It is anti-inflammatory and is very safe.B.3.3. equalise the structures of morphine, codeine and the semi-synthetic opiate heroin.These are strong analgesics and are often called opiates, narcotics or narcotic analgesics. The major pain relieving substance originates from the opium poppy plant is stillness inducing and pain relieving.All three share the same skeleton. Remember the group C2H3O2 is called an acetyl group.B.3.4. question the advantages and disadvantages of using morphine and its derivatives as strong analgesics.These affects The Central Nervous System, the Eye and the Gastrointestinal tract (the digestive system)They are used as Strong analgesics (severe pain f rom injury and chronic diseases) get overment of diarrhoea, remedy coughing.However they are very addictive and are or else set backd with something else.They also produce mood transmutes, drowsiness and genial clouding.Tolerance can arise by adaptation of the liver and neurons in the brain.Some people tip function without the drug, feeling restlessness, sweating, fever, chills, vomiting, aches etc due to abstinence of the drug.There is often severe psychological dependence too (one might feel extremely depressed).Short term effects Sedation, stupor, pain relief, euphoria, reduced tension, worry, couching reflex. One might die of overdose.Long term effects Loss of appetite, sterility, withdrawal illness, crime, diversion of energy.B.4.1. Describe the effects of depressantsTranquilizers, sedatives and hypnotics, which still and relax they slow down nerve rate and breathing.Tranquilizers include alcohol, diazepam and Librium and are weaker than the others. These relieve anxiet y and tension.Sedatives Barbituates that soothe distress without producing much sleep in small doses.Hypnotics Like chloral hydrate. These provoke sleep. similarly much can lead to coma or teach.B.4.2. Discuss the social and physiological effects of the use and abuse of ethanol.Social effects Major costs from alcohol are from sickness and death, as in hospital treatments and lost efficiency. Property crimes and crimes against people drinking while driving.Physiological effects Harmful to relationships, and may physically or emotionally harm others. One may lose control and develop dependence and tolerance.It increases blood pressure when drinking and nausea, sweating and anxiety as withdrawal of use.Short-term effects central nervous system depressant reduces tension. It triggers Euphoria, Talkativeness, Dilation of blood vessels, Violent behaviours, Inertia, Coma, Death.Long term effects Cirrhosis, liver cancer, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, strokes, gastritis, lo w birth mass etc.Alcohol can be used for antiseptics such as mouthwashes.B.4.3. Describe and explain the techniques used for the detection of ethanol in the breath of in the blood or urine.Ethanol passes from the stomach into the blood and therefore it passes into the lungs and ethanol vapour is formed.The breathalyser test might involve a redox equation with potassium dichromate as oxidizing agent.Color change Red-Orange to GreenThe gas liquid chromatography works as follows Small samples of gases and volatile liquids such ethanol are separated. These are pushed through a column using an unimportant gas, such as Nitrogen gas and different gases take different time to come to the detector, where concentration of gases are measured.Intoxilyzer, Infra-red spectroscopy Infra-red energy make molecules vibrate. Different types of bonds absorb and vibrate at different infer-red frequencies. By measuring how much energy is not absorbed by the molecules, one can find the number of certain b onds in the molecules.B.4.4. Describe the interactional effects of ethanol with other drugs.Alcohol is easily absorbed in the stomach, so drugs that can be dissolved in alcohol will be absorbed much quicker, and the dosage will seem higher as in normal conditions the liver removes a part of the drug. So performance of the drug is enhanced and may lead to devastating effects such as death, especially if alcohol is unite with barbituates. Alcohol with aspirin increases the risk of stomach bleeding.B.4.5 . List other commonly used depressants and describe their structures.Valium (diazepam) is a tranquilizer, Mogadon (Nitrazepam) is a hypnotic drug (used to control seizures and infantile spasms), Prozac (hydrochloride) is an anti-depressant drug used to treat mental depression.Diazepam and Nitrazepam have similar carbon skeletons meanwhile Prozac is different.B.5.1. List the physiological effects of stimulants.Stimulants are chemicals that stimulate the brain and the central nervous sy stem. It is the opposite of a depressant. These increase alertness. Examples are amphetamine, nicotine and caffeine.B.5.2. Compare amphetamines and adrenalineThey both derive from the phenylethylamine structure, and therefore look similar. Furthermore, amphetamines mimic the effects of adrenaline (they are sympathomimetic drugs), as they constrict arteries and thus increases sweat production. They increase heart rate, blood pressure, respiration and insomnia.Medical uses turn mild depression, narcolepsy and asthma.They use up the bodys reserve energy and can lead to a collapse.B.5.3 Discuss the short- and semipermanent effects of nicotine consumption.Tobacco is a source of nicotine which is a mild stimulant with a short lived effect. The response is followed by depression and thereby makes one pushed to use it more often.Short-term Increase in heart-rate and blood pressure. It constricts blood vessels and therefore strains the heart. Nicotine also reduces urine output.Long term ef fects of nicotine It stresses hard and may lead to heart diseases and blood clot May lead to increase of fatty acids in the blood. Smoking leads to more carbon monoxide in the blood making the blood less able to carry blood. It also increases the gastric acid production and may lead to ulcer.Smoking causes Cancer in lungs and mouth heart and blood vessel disease breathing difficulties and chronic bronchitis air pollution fires bad teeth insomnia.B.5.4. Describe the effects of caffeine and compare its structure with that of nicotine.Caffeine stimulates the respiratory system (more energy is available from respiration), so heart and brain gets more energy. So one becomes more alert, motivated and well-being. In small amounts in is rather harmless, but too much causes insomnia. One gets more urine as well.Caffeine leads to some tolerance but no physical addiction. It can be given to babies to help their breathing. It also constricts blood vessels and therefore helps against migraines.B oth caffeine and nicotine contain a tertiary amine group. Caffeine has more of those though.B.6.1. Describe the historic development of penicillins.In 1928, Fleming accidentally saw that some types of fungi killed off a certain bacterium and started to try to isolate the fungi, but it was too hard to purify it. In 1940, Floray and Chain continued with penicillin testing and development, and in 1943 it was available clinically.The first penicillin was Penicillin G. However it was deactivated by stomach acid so it had to be injected. Acid resistance penicillins such as penicillin V was developed by modifying the side chains of the basic penicillin structure. Some bacteria could deactivate penicillin G by synthesising an enzyme, therefore one had to make other synthetic penicillins. 6-APA penicillin is inert, but an extra amino group H2N would activate it.B.6.2. Compare broad spectrum and narrow spectrum antibioticsA broad spectrum antibiotics is effective against a wide variety of ba cteria. Examples are tetracyclines.Narrow ones are effective only against certain types of bacteria most penicillins are narrow spectrum antibiotics.One often has to determine the bacterium before getting antibiotics, because a broad-spectrum one can kill beneficial bacteria and give discomfort.B.6.3. Explain how penicillins work and discuss the effects of modifying the side chain.The cell walls of some bacteria are composed of polysaccharides, and these layers are supported by cross-links. However, penicillins come in with the formation of these links and therefore weaken the structure. The bacteria can easily burst. Animals cells dont have these cell walls and are therefore not affected.It is important to modify the side chain to work against bacteria have evolved and are able to break down certain types of penicillin. Side chains are also added to make the penicillin work (as for the 6-APA) and to survive the gastric acid (Penicillin G)B.6.4. Discuss and explain the effect over prescription of penicillins has, and the use of penicillins in animal feedstockRepeated use may lead to allergic reactions.They can also wipe out harmless and beneficial bacteria in the food canal, and harmful bacteria might eventually replace these.Bacteria can become resistant against certain antibiotics and then pass on their immunity.In feedstock They are used to kill dangerous pathogens which may otherwise endanger humans and animals. They are also used to increase productivity.However, this increases the chances that bacteria might become resistant.B.7.1. State how viruses differ from bacteriaBacteria are relatively large single cell microorganism with DNA strands. Viruses are noncellular and are much little and are not living. They can only reproduce within a host cell.B.7.2. Describe the different ways in which antiviral drugs work* Block the transfer of genetic information* Control by inoculation, vaccines.* Block the enzyme activity in a host cell, so that the virus bev el use it to replicate.B.7.3. Discuss the difficulties associated with solving the AIDS problemHIV molecules bind to proteins on T-type of white blood cells and hinder them from competitiveness infections by inactivating them. HIV virus is good at mutating and together with their similarities with human cells, it is very heard to treat with antiviral drugs and vaccines.B.8.1. Describe the importance of geometrical isomerism in drug action.Stereoisomers are isomers with the same molecular economy and the same morphological formula, but different arrangement of atoms in space.Geoemetric isomers have different physical properties such as polarity, boiling point, and solubility etc. They may also undergo different t chemical reactions although their functional groups are identical.For example cisplatin is en effective anti-cancer drug (as it may enter the nucleus of a cancerous cell), but the trans-isomers is inactive in such purposes.B.8.2. Discuss the importance of chirality in dru g action. optic isomers differ from geometric isomers in two ways* Optical isomers are chiral (asymmetric)* Optical isomers are non-superimposable reverberate images of each otherOne optical isomer rotates the plane polarized light one direction, meanwhile its other isomer rotates it the other way.An equi-molar mixture of two enantiomers means a 50-50 ration and will not totate the plane of polarised light at all this is a racemic mixture.Penicillin V is active, but its enantiomer is inactive.One enantiomer of Thalidomide could be used to treat morning sickness in pregnant women and was marketed as a racemix mixture, but its other enantiomer gave fetal deformities.B.8.3. Describe the use of chiral auxiliaries to form the desired enantiomer.It is very heard to separate racemic mixtures into separate enantiomers, as they have identical chemical properties in relation to non-chiral reagents. Instead, scientists use stereospecific synthesis to produce only one kind of enantiomer. Chira l auxiliaries are used to convert non-chiral molecules into a desired enantiomer by attching itself chemically to the non-chiral molecule so that only one type of enantiomer can be formed. After the procedure the auxiliary can be recycled. This is used when synthesising Taxol which isa drug effective against breast cancer.B.8.4. Explain the use of combinatorial chemistry to synthesize new drugs.This is when one creates lots of molecules and test them quickly for biological properties one starts with a set of basic chemicals which are then combined in all possible combinations, and this allows a fast production of many different molecules, increasing the chance of finding better drugs.A library is a collection of compounds that are screened to determine their usefulness as a drug, using parallel synthesis (identical processes with many different molecules at the same time).B.9.1. Compare local and general anaesthetics in terms of their modes of actionLocal anaesthetics block the pai n in specific areas when they are injected under the skin or used as a crme. Examples are cocaine, procaine, benzococaine, lidocaine etc. These block local nerve transmissions and decrease blood supply to that area. Procaine and lidocaine do not affect the brain, meanwhile cocaine does.General anaesthetics affect the brain and produce unconsciousness. But it is lucky to reverse the unconsciousness. Examples are nitrous oxide, diethyl ether, chloroform, cyclopropane and halothane.B.9.2. Compare the structures and effects of cocaine, procaine and lidocaine.All three have the benzine ring and the tertiary amine.cocaine also stimulates the central nervous system. It constricts blood vessels which leads to high blood pressure, and cant be safely used. Although it doesnt produce withdrawal symptoms and tolerance, it produces a strong psychological addiction. An overdose suppresses heart and respiration.Cocaine has a very short half life as it is metabolized by the liver fast, and is poo rly absorbed when taken orally.Procaine gives prolonged relief from pain which is good for surgery and dental procedures. It is non-toxic and non-irritant.Lidocaine is used topically to produce numbness. It is more potent that procaine, but may cause swelling and itching.B.9.3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of nitrous oxide, ethoxyethane, trichloromethane, cyclopropane and halothane. nitric oxide is not very potent, and makes one feel goodTrichloromethane is nonflammabe, but leads to liver damages. Narrow gum elastic marginEthoxyethane alleviates the pain in surgery well, but it is very flammable and nonstable.Cyclopropane is a very potent anaesthetics, however it forms explosive mixtures with air and is very flammable. It also causes vomiting and nausea.Halothane is widely used as it is not flammable and one may recover fast from it. It doesnt irritate the respiratory tract. However, it takes time to become unconscious. It is potentially harmful to the ozone layer as i t produces chlorine and bromine free radicals.B.9.4. Calculate the partial pressures of theatrical role gases in an anaesthetic mixtureThe partial pressure ratios of the total pressure equal the molar ratios of different gas molecules.It is important to have enough oxygen in the anaesthetic mixture so that the patient can live. At least 20% oxygen is neededB.10.1 Describe the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline, psilocybin and tetrahydrocannabinol.Psychadelic drugs like these alter the mind and produces a change in thought, perception or mood and induce vivid fantasies. Colors seem more brilliant for the user.There are the effects of the mentioned mind fix drugsLSD This is a powerful hallucinogen that strongly magnifies perception and may destroy the sense of judgment. No physical addiction, and not very strong psychological dependence.Mescaline Color hallucinations which last 12 hours. psilocin Similar to LSD, especially at high doses, but at low doses produces relaxation. Shortlasting 4 hoursTHC Milder drug similar to alcohol. At larger doses, changes in perception occurs sees bright colors and gets sharper hearing. May get extreme anxiety, depression, uneasiness, panic attacks etc. There is no tolerance, but could lead to psychological dependence.B.10.2 Discuss the structural similarities and differences between LSD, mescaline and psilocybin.LSD and psilocybin both have the Indole ring (Heterocyclic amine compound where the northward atom is part of a ring).However, mescaline includes the benzene ring but not the indole ring it does have a primary amine.Serotonin also has the indole ring.B.10.3 Discuss the arguments for and against the legalization of cannabis.Cannabis offers relief from symptoms from AIDS, cancer and glaucoma. marihuana may increase the appetite, and relieves nausea. Cannabis helps terminally ill patients to relieve tension and anxiety. Marijuana relieves pressure at bottom the eyeball for glaucoma patients.However t here are many bad sides to it too. Smoking marijuana may lead to lung problems and may suppress the immune system. It might lead to decreased fertility for men and cause brain damage and birth defects. Users may also start using harder drugs too.Users of prohibited drugs need to obtain it from sad sources and may therefore be forced into crime to support their habit. It damages the society a lot.

Discuss the role of emotion in psychology Essay Example for Free

Discuss the affair of emotion in psychology EssayEmotion is often the greatest reason for either raise fall or impaired recall. Through m whatever studies psychologists have found that it is not only facts we lay in in our keeping tho the emotion meet them.Flashbulb memories involve an enduring imprint of issues surrounding an important incident, the memory is not the event itself but where you were and what you were doing when you heard about it. Sheingold and Tenney (1982) provided state to support the opinion of flashbulb memories. Participants were asked about personal memories and found most had good memories for when they were told and who told them. They found the flashbulb memories were difficult and remained conformable over time however there is no way of checking the accuracy of these memories.As shown by Sheingold and Tenney, a flashbulb memorys characteristic involves consistency and has an unchanging nature and they also involve a high level of emotion al arousal which leads to better recall of the event. besides Wright (1993) found evidence that goes against this definition, the study involved spirit at peoples memories of the Hillsborough football disaster in 1989, 5 moths after the event. It was found that most of the participants didnt report strong flashbulb memories in fact many people had reconstructed their memories and had mixed their own with other peoples accounts. This evidence therefore goes against the idea that flashbulb memories remain consistent over time.On the other hand Conway (1994) suggested that the actor nigh studies dont support flashbulb memories is because the event wasnt signifi posteriort to the individuals. Conway et al used Mrs Thatchers resignation as the rump for the creation of flashbulb memories. 11 months after 86% of the UK participants has a strong and consistent flashbulb memory comp argond to only 29% participants from other countries. This research suggests that flashbulb memories will only be strong if the event surrounding it is significant to the individual the UK participants would have been more aware and connected to Mrs Thatchers resignation than participants from other countries.The habit of emotion is memory can also cause impaired memory. Freud proposed the idea of repression unwanted memories are pushed slash into the unconscious mind so you forget them. Freud described this process as a way of the self-importance protecting itself from emotional conflict which is often the result of harsh experiences. Williams (1994) interviewed women who has been admitted to hospital on the grounds of versed assault, 20years previously, (they were told the study was a follow up of medical care). Williams found that 38% of the women did not show any recall of being sexually abused and that 16% of the women that did, said that at one time they couldnt remember they had. This study therefore provides strong evidence to support the repression theory, a combat injur ytic event was repressed and some couldnt recall it even 20 years later.Repressed memories are defined as a traumatic event placed beyond conscious awareness. Because of this placement, these memories can also affect conscious thought. Forgetting a traumatic event, like Williams (1994) research, has also been studied through case studies. One of the most famous is Bavers (1981) study on sirhan sirhan, the man who shot Robert Kennedy, who has no recall of doing so.In this case the emotions of regret and shame were probably the cause of the repression and the reason he cannot remember what he did. It has also been suggested that repressed memories can also cause misgiving and disordered behaviour. A study that supports this concept was carried out by Karon and Widener (1997) who found that once trauma was recalled in therapy, mental illness in World War 2 veterans completely alleviated, therefore supporting Freuds theory.However Loftus and Pickrell (1995) found evidence against Frued s repression theory. The study was called disjointed in the mall and the false memory of getting lost in a shopping centre as a child was implanted into the participants. After the question 20% still held to their belief that this happened to them, even though it was a false memory showing trauma has a great affect on memory even though the memory was false but going against Frued as the memory wasnt real.Another study by Loftus and Palmer created a theory called the Weapon number this was during a highly emotional event such(prenominal)(prenominal) as a robbery or assault, an affectionateness witnesses recall was altered due to their focus on a weapon being used.Finally a depressive state also has an influence on memory. Negative emotions often create a negative recall bias which makes depressed people only focus on negative and unhappy experiences a irritation dependent memory. Lyketsos (2001) found in support of this that depression may lead people to be forgetful and so th ey dont encode new memories into the long term memory well, therefore recall is much poorer. In further support of this Antikainen et al (2001) studied 174 depressed patients and found they performed better on memory tasks and had fewer memory problems after 6 months treatment.In conclusion emotion plays an important role in memory. It can often lead to enhanced memory, such as flashbulb memories, or impaired memory such as the repression of traumatic experiences. Negative emotion is also responsible for a lack of memory such as when someone is depressed. Overall memories are largely influenced by emotion the more positive we are the more likely we are to recall, the more negative the less likely we will recall and are more likely to forget.

Waste Management Strategies Essay Example for Free

Waste trouble Strategies EssayWaste Management is the process of disposing, managing and monitoring of our waste materials. These important steps help us to sign up or extend the effect it has on our health and the environment. By practicing waste management we be observing our consumption of resources and working to reduce the hazardous waste used. These practices throw out provide e normous change in our lives and give hope to emerging generations. We need to promote and consume resourceful recovery practices. These are recycle, composting, life force initiatives and recovery, waste prevention and galore(postnominal) more. The rouge component is to encourage improvements in our environmental efficiencies which leave alone eliminate waste. Managing waste is an important trade union movement that will bring back the necessary balance in our environment.Most of our waste materials constitute rattling been caused by our daily human activity. Some example would be the disposal of our waste in landfills or when we burn waste in incinerators. These options, we have found, created further environmental problems. These results would be the wind scattering the chuck out which then landed in our water slipway and eco establishments. Even toxic liquids would leak through the landfill absorbing the additional injurious substances and polluting the environment. Ultimately, all the waste materials create serious hazardous effects on our environment which we have had to implement better ways.Well, we do have options, capabilities and yes, some limitation with the various types of wastes management available. We seriously must form better care to harbor our health, lives, and the environment. Steps to promote recycling and reusing have been a favourite rule to manage our waste. Other disposable options have been on the rise in usage. High on the leaning are composting, open burning, well monitored incineration, rendering, and other discussion and d isposals methods. Reusing and recycling still remains the or so popular waste management practice. It sure as shooting helps in the protection of the environment and the added value is the saving of our resources and promoting a unsullied world.Read more Proper Waste Management in the PhilippinesPrior to World War II, we lived in a world where we used and reused our materials. In the past, we placed much emphasis and value on our resources, tools and materials. It was the norm to return, reuse and recycle materials. It was the norm, necessary and only way to live. But, with the rebuilding of our world came new ideas and new ways to provide resources to our businesses, households and communities. Many found that the quicker and more convenient way to consume products, materials and substances became increasingly popular and available to all. So, the start of using cans and replacing glass stores had been implemented because of less costs and convenience. Regrettably, along with the revertible deposits declined came the waste problems. Even though companies found the easiness of using cans helped boost their sales in the potable industry they could not ignore the negative effects of waste.By 1960, approximately half the beers were distri only whened and sold in cans but soft salutes were still sold in refillable glass bottles. Gradually the shift from refillable soft tope in a bottle was the way of the past. The use of cans now caught on with the deglutition industry. Sadly, this resulted in can being littered throughout the communities and lead to the serious waste problem. Yes, businesses profited from the change. The success was far too darling even when the environmentalists with proposing a bottle philippics law could not reverse the new trend. This law stated a mandatory refundable deposit on beer and soft swallow containers to encourage returns. This bottle bill law essential a minimum refundable deposit to insure more recycling or reuse of materials to protect our recourses.The system was known as the deposit refund system which remains today. The beverage industry did support this bill but wanted a guarantee of the return of their glass bottles to be washed, refilled, and resold for reproduction. This would help to reduce beverage containers being litter and ultimately conserve our precious natural resources. It would help to reduce the amount of consentaneouswaste going into landfills and promote recycling. But, quite frankly, it really hasnt affected overall change because many another(prenominal) other industries have created so much waste and have not followed in the footsteps to recycle. We do have more work ahead to remodel the habits and behavior of our world.The deposit laws for container have been a tremendous success. These initiatives which new-sprung(prenominal) York has implemented have created a cleaner and healthier environment. The Environmental Protection Agency funding was estimated to ontogen esis to approximately just under $20 million. This will guarantee proceeds to strengthen their ability to perform the requirements to sell only containers with deposits paid on them. The returnable container act will reduce roadside litter, recycle billions of containers at no cost to government, save over 50 billion barrels in oil, and eliminate hundreds of millions in greenhouse gases a year.By recycling our beverage cans and bottles we can save energy and protect our environment. It has been noted that recycling aluminum cans saves nearly all of the energy required to make them. Also, recycling beverage containers will greatly reduce the litter and lessens the burden on landfills. We have learned to reduce energy and raw materials consumption means the reduction in pollution.We know that pollution has been the cause of acid rain, smog, mercury-poisoning in lakes, rivers and stream, and ultimately global warming world-wide. So, to protect our environment we need to implement and encourage ways of levelheaded more effective, harmonious, product living styles. Some do fix that those measure are unnecessary and in effective. We do know that recycling containers with a deposit amount can increase the rates from 75% to 95% but these containers only account for 5% of our waste stream.The value placed on incentives for containers encourages recycling but the deposit system cost more than the drop off curb side computer program. The item-by-item finds collecting and depositing containers easier then businesses who find it problematic and burdensome on their storage and transportation expenses. Those who support the container laws find that it does reduce litter but those who disagree believe that a comprehensive litter controlprogram would be more efficient and effective. The opposition confirms that only 8.5% of general litter is actually beverage containers.Since the bottle bill has been an overwhelming success then to include other non-carbonated drinks woul d be a good idea. It certainly shows that it takes the same amount of time, money and energy to include other drinks. We have seen additional litter from these non-carbonated drink containers. We have the statistics showing the increased recycling due to the beverage container laws. Yes, the responsibility to provide these programs sits with these non-carbonated drinks. Forcing these laws would be finespun politically but encouraging them would be worth it. Even though some would agree that the footing of the non-carbonated drinks would increase due to the added responsibility dealing with these recycling programs. But those who were opposed to the law would agree with utility(a) legislation that supports all.In Massachusetts, they are celebrating their 30th anniversary of the bottle bill. From inception, it has been estimated that 35 billion carbonated drink containers have been exchanged through the program. Even the Massachusetts Coalition gave praises on the updates and chang ed to the bill over the years. It is most definitely agreed that it has contributed to a healthier environment, cleaner and safer communities, and a stronger economy. These programs are an excellent example of bodied responsibility for the beverage companies. They have managed the problems of littering, environmental pollution intern paid to help clean it up. a lot research is being done in developing plastic that is degradable. This exciting possibility could be the rudimentary to lowering the environmental impact. Plastic is nearly indestructible and is difficult to recycle and hard to breakdown. Bio-plastic is derived from biomass sources that are sundry(a) with oil base materials. The Oxo-bio has great advantages as it has it can degrade completely without living residue but oxygen is required for the process to occur. This can occur on land and in the water and the oxo-bio will not harm other plastics in the recycling system. Oxo-bio does not have a future in the plastic con tainer industry which will bring great value to the fight against environmental pollution.Certainly, addressing the solid waste, overall inclusive deposit container law, recycling and litter issues with a comprehensive approach that will emphasize solutions that are effective and efficient will be much better as a whole. Some key areas to address and promote are education and awareness, efficient and effective solutions, curbside recycling program, balance and equitable treatment in all areas for the waste producers, and finally the administration, implementation and enforcement of these waste management laws.ReferencesAustralia. Queensland Government. Community Health. Waste Management Why Management Is Important. N.p., 22 Jan. 2008. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from http//www.health.qld.gov.au/ehworm/waste_management/why_management.asp Nahnson, Jerry A. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/553362/solid-waste-management store Bill election Guide. Bottle Bill Resource Guide. Container Recycling Institute, n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from http//www.bottlebill.org/ Daily, Steven, ed. Container locate Laws (Bottle Bills). Container Deposit Laws (Bottle Bills) (n.d.) n. pag. Container Deposit Laws (Bottle Bills). Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from http//www.lawserver.com/law/articles/container-deposit-laws-bottle-bills History of Deposit / Return Systems or Bottle Bills. State Environmental Resource Center. Wisconsin Office of Defenders of Wildlife, n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from http//www.serconline.org/bottlebill/background.html Hamou, Jamal. Definition of Waste Management. Waste Management. EcoLife A Guide to Green Living, n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from http//www.ecolife.com/ desexualize/waste-management.html United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Waste Management for Homeland Security Incidents. E PA. Environmental Protection Agency, 15 Nov. 2012. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from http//www.epa.gov/osw/homeland/consid.htm Recycling and Composting. NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation. N.p., n.d. Web.19 June 2013. Retrieved from http//www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/294.html Expand the Bottle Bill contiguity Network. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from http//www.longislandnn.org/stewardship/deposit.htm Bottle Bill, The Sequel. The Valley Advocate News -. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from http//www.valleyadvocate.com/article.cfm?aid=16283 The Future of Plastics Is There a Solutin to This Huge Waste Management Problem? Globe-Net.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from http//www.globe-net.com/articles/2013/june/11/the-future-of-plastics-is-there-a-solution-to-this-huge-waste-management-problem/

The Virtuous Beings Essay Example for Free

The Virtuous Beings Essay late society glorifies community for much pettier accomplishments when compared to that of the ancient times. During the twenty-first century, a convicted felon may come back after fate a prison sentence and present himself as a figure of perfection. Less than five age ago, a footb totally player, named Michael Vick was arrested and convicted of illegal actions involving the maltreatment of domesticated animals.Shortly after serving his sentence, he was in one case again beloved by his fans and rewarded with a phenomenal contract which would be worth wild in any corresponding lifetime. Looking at these pillow slips, its easy to nail how fuck uped society is today. In the ancient world, their society was very to a greater extent faultless. Because of the different virtues of the time, it took a great deal more to give way a public idol to the people. Virtuous figures from the ancient world are Gilgamesh, Abraham, Moses, and Odysseus.Gilgamesh, a seemingly corrupt leader, later embarks on a humbling go which helps him to discover the true meaning of life Moses, an proficient and patient man, has his true values highlighted as theology chooses him to lead his people out(a) of captivity Abraham, an obvious commonplace man, is presented as a bold individual who is not afraid to prove his allegiance to God and Odysseus is a prime manikin of a hero in the ancient world who has his own ups and downs during a dangerous and eventful journey back home to the people he has always loved.When connecting Ma 2 a figure interchangeable Gilgamesh to the likes of a movie actor of modern society, it is impossible to ignore the air in inherent virtues of the people of the time. As Gilgamesh begins, Gilgamesh is actually quite the opposite of virtuous he is a lust-driven, oppressive ruler who exercises harsh and immoral will upon his people.However, Gilgameshs progression towards becoming a virtuous individual is evident almost immedi ately as he becomes a companion of his ex-adversary, Enkidu. In fact, Gilgamesh and Enkidu go on to complete several tasks together tasks that neither of them would have accomplished without one another.Similarly, Gilgamesh again proves his drastic change in character as he rejects Ishtar, a longing prostitute. Although Ishtar promises Gilgamesh a life of frolic and riches, he responds by asking Ishtar how would it go for me? (Gilgamesh, 24). Gilgamesh is reminding Ishtar that her past lovers had found her like a brazier which smoulders in the cold, a backlight which keeps out neither squall of wind nor storm (Gilgamesh, 24), emphasizing that Ishtars previous husbands had all received poor treatment from her. This signifies how much Gilgameshs character has changed.If he held the same ethics as in the beginning, he would have accepted Ishtars offer without hesitation. However, he is becoming a much more virtuous individual with greater concerns than mere self-gratification. Soon, Gilgamesh has even built a nice city for his people, abandoning his glory, wealth, and ability to become a better individual. He is no longer self-indulged, and the death of his destruction friend Enkidu has truly humbled him. On a quest to control the secret to immortality, Gilgamesh realizes that what he should actually be desire is to become a better king to his people and a more virtuous individual in general.Gilgamesh uses his new wisdom to create a legacy for himself, serving as a prime example that the ancient times required much more from an individual to be certified as virtuous. Ma 3 Similarly, the Bible presents a series of examples which emphasize the difference in modern virtues from the virtues of the ancient world. Specifically, in the book of Genesis, God tells Abraham to take his only son, and offer him as a burnt offering on one of the mountains (Genesis 22. 23). Proving his undeniable allegiance to God, Abraham leads his only son to the mountain and builds an altar for sacrifice.Right before Abraham was going to strike his son, an angel of the Lord interrupted, telling him not to lay his hands on his son, and thence added because you have done this, I will indeed bless you (Genesis 22. 16). Because of Abrahams blatant devotion to the Lord, he is rewarded with a blessing and a promise to make his offspring as numerous of the stars of heaven (Genesis 22. 17). Abrahams display of loyalty is significant as anyone who would do this in the modern world would certainly be deemed insane rather than allegiant, further emphasizing the difference in virtues today to that of the ancient world.Another example in the Bible may be seen as Moses is chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of virtue. The fact that God chose Moses, an unassuming and ordinary figure of the time, proves that the leaders of the ancient times were not famous, frank looking, or wealthy like the leaders of today. In fact, Moses is even described as having a vernacular impedi ment. Despite his uncertainty, Moses put everything aside and did what God told him to do and fulfilled his calling to lead the Israelites out of captivity. subsequently Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, a close-knit community was formed, and the people and God would agree on a covenant.This covenant was very closely followed and viewed as a necessity to live a virtuous life. Although Christians thus far live the same covenant with God today, it is much less closely followed than it was during the ancient times. Ma 4 Finally, The Odyssey is another telling example which helps to differentiate the virtues of the ancient times to today. In The Odyssey, Odysseus, the king of Ithaca, has been trying to find his way home for twenty years. Ever since the beginning of his trip, Odysseus is introduced as a strong and authoritative figure.However, his journey is filled with temptation, and Odysseus does give in at times. This may be seen when Odysseus chooses to sleep with Circe, desp ite his yearning to afford home to his wife Penelope. This is the complete opposite of a virtuous deed, and it does not go unnoticed. Calypso, a houri who falls in love with Odysseus, takes note of the disparity among the gods. She is fairly irritated by the fact that antheral gods may sleep with mortal lovers, while the affairs of the female gods are considered unacceptable, as Calypso describes by saying, you hate it when we choose to lie with men (Odyssey, 281).This emphasizes the double standard among the gods even in the ancient times, outsiders could see how wrong it was to have a love affair Calypso is helping to point out the ordinary awareness of equality of the time. Although Odysseus is looked upon as a heroic figure, his immoral actions are highlighted and criticized. In modern society, umpteen public figures would instead have their abrasive actions swept under the rug. After reflecting upon the examples of the ancient world, it becomes clear that at that place is a wide division between ancient and modern views of what to expect from a human being.In the modern world, simply being wealthy or famous would allow a person to luck in the immunity of a God in the ancient world. Today, greed plays a large break up in the outcome of everything. Unlike in Gilgamesh, mortality does not change people for the better instead, people become more self-centered. As a result, todays society has become just as savage as students read about in books Ma 5 about prehistoric times. Modern life may be compared to a popularity contest, whereas in the ancient world, individuals were required to make names for themselves.Its no wonder why the people we read about such as Gilgamesh and Moses are viewed as fables or myths nowadays, only a handful of people may be classified as anything close to their status. In the modern world, these people are praised and worshiped because there are no others quite like them. It should be made a point to try to work toward having a community full of people like Gandhi and Gilgamesh instead of having a society which only looks up to them. This way, society would be able to present a more accurate depiction of a community which aspires to be virtuous.